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1.
Nursing (Ed. bras., Impr.) ; 26(302): 9797-9804, ago.2023. tab
Artigo em Português | LILACS, BDENF - Enfermagem | ID: biblio-1510246

RESUMO

O alto índice de morbimortalidade por traumas evidencia a necessidade global de medidas preventivas. O enfermeiro deve estar preparado para realizar intervenções básicas e intermediárias no Atendimento Pré-Hospitalar (APH), utilizando o conhecimento técnico-científico adquirido durante sua formação acadêmica. Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento dos estudantes de enfermagem de uma universidade do meio oeste de Santa Catarina para o atendimento de pacientes politraumatizados no ambiente pré-hospitalar. Métodos: A pesquisa ocorreu no mês de maio de 2023 através de uma simulação realística em atendimento pré-hospitalar a partir de um cenário fictício de paciente politraumatizado com uso de atores utilizando o Trauma Standard Checklist no pré e pós-teste. Resultados: Quando comparados os escores entre as três equipes são observadas diferenças entre as equipes no pré e pós-teste. Conclusão: Os achados deste estudo evidenciam que cenários de simulações realísticas bem-preparados podem impactar significativamente no aprendizado dos estudantes e assim melhor prepará-los para o mercado de trabalho.(AU)


The high rate of morbidity and mortality from trauma highlights the global need for preventive measures. Nurses must be prepared to perform basic and intermediate interventions in Pre-Hospital Care (APH), using the technical-scientific knowledge acquired during their academic training. Objective: To evaluate the knowledge of nursing students from a university in the midwest of Santa Catarina for the care of polytraumatized patients in the pre-hospital environment. Methods: The research took place in May 2023 through a realistic simulation in pre-hospital care from a fictitious scenario of a polytraumatized patient using actors using the Trauma Standard Checklist in the pre and post-test. Results: When comparing the scores between the three teams, differences are observed between the teams in the pre- and post-test. Conclusion: The findings of this study show that well-prepared realistic simulation scenarios can significantly impact students' learning and thus better prepare them for the labor market.(AU)


La elevada tasa de morbimortalidad por traumatismos pone de manifiesto la necesidad global de medidas preventivas. Los enfermeros deben estar preparados para realizar intervenciones básicas e intermedias en la Atención Prehospitalaria (APH), utilizando los conocimientos técnico-científicos adquiridos durante su formación académica. Objetivo: Evaluar los conocimientos de los estudiantes de enfermería de una universidad del centro-oeste de Santa Catarina para el cuidado de pacientes politraumatizados en el ambiente prehospitalario. Método: La investigación se realizó en mayo de 2023 a través de una simulación realista en la atención prehospitalaria a partir de un escenario ficticio de un paciente politraumatizado utilizando actores que utilizaron el Trauma Standard Checklist en el pre y post test. Resultados: Al comparar las puntuaciones entre los tres equipos, se observaron diferencias entre los equipos en el pre y post-test. Conclusión: Los resultados de este estudio muestran que los escenarios de simulación realista bien preparados pueden tener un impacto significativo en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes y, por lo tanto, prepararlos mejor para el mercado laboral.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Enfermagem , Serviços Médicos de Emergência , Treinamento por Simulação
2.
Am J Hum Biol ; 35(9): e23915, 2023 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37269167

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Short sleep duration has been seen as a predictor of higher body mass index (BMI) in youth. Sleep duration varies substantially along early childhood, and the paths towards a healthier BMI, considering the other movement behaviors (physical activity-PA and screen time) are unexplored in preschoolers. AIM: To construct a sleep-BMI model to capture the direct and indirect paths to intervening towards a healthier BMI, according to low-income preschoolers' compliance with the other movement behaviors. METHODS: Two hundred and seventy two preschoolers (4.5 ± 0.0; 138 boys) participated in the study. Sleep and screen time (ST) were assessed in a face-to-face interview with primary caregivers. PA was assessed using accelerometer (wGT3X-BT). Preschoolers were categorized as compliant or not with sleep, screen time, total and moderate to vigorous PA recommendations. BMIz-score was calculated according to preschoolers' sex and age. All the assessed variables, besides sex and age were included in a Network Pathway Analysis (NPA) according to age as nodes. RESULTS: At 3 years old, a direct and negative path between sleep-BMIz score was observed. At four and 5 years old, this relationship became positive. Further, girls were more compliant with sleep, ST and total PA recommendations. Total PA (TPA) showed the highest expected influence value in the general, 3 and 4 years old NPA. CONCLUSION: The NPA analysis showed different directions for the relationship between sleep and BMIz score, according to age. Intervention strategies to a healthier BMI among preschoolers compliant or not with sleep recommendations should focus in increasing TPA.


Assuntos
Exercício Físico , Comportamento Sedentário , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Índice de Massa Corporal , Pobreza , Sono
3.
Front Pharmacol ; 13: 826649, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35712706

RESUMO

Spirulina platensis has shown effectiveness in the treatment of allergic rhinitis in rats, but its action in tracheal reactivity or on markers of relaxation and antioxidant profile has not yet been possible to determine. In this paper, the animals were divided into the groups healthy (SG) and supplemented with S. platensis at doses of 50 (SG50), 150 (SG150), and 500 mg/kg (SG500). We also evaluated nitrite levels, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant activity through biochemical analysis. For contractile reactivity, only SG500 (pEC50 = 5.2 ± 0.06 showed reduction in carbachol contractile potency. Indomethacin caused a higher contractile response to carbachol in SG150 and SG500. For relaxation, curves for SG150 (pEC50 = 5.0 ± 0.05) and SG500 (pEC50 = 7:3 ± 0:02) were shifted to the left, more so in SG500. We observed an increase in nitrite in the trachea only with supplementation of 500 mg/kg (54.0 ± 8.0 µM), also when compared to SG50 (37.0 ± 10.0 µM) and SG150 (38.0 ± 7.0 µM). We observed a decrease in lipid peroxidation in the plasma and an increase in oxidation inhibition for the trachea and lung in SG150 and SG500, suggesting enhanced antioxidant activity. S. platensis (150/500 mg/kg) decreased the contractile response and increased relaxation by increasing antioxidant activity and nitrite levels and modulating the inflammatory response.

4.
Am J Hum Biol ; 34(5): e23694, 2022 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34726806

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Accruing adequate daily amounts of time spent on movement behaviors (physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep) in childhood has been associated with positive short and long-term health outcomes. Nonetheless, how waking time is distributed across PA and SB among preschoolers who are short and adequate sleepers at night is unknown. AIM: This study investigated: (1) if there are differences in a movement behaviors composition among adequate and short nocturnal sleepers; and (2) the association between preschoolers' time spent in PA, SB, and sleep among adequate and short nocturnal sleepers. METHODS: A total of 270 preschoolers (132 boys; 3.97 ± 0.81 years old; 15.48 ± 1.62 kg/m2 ) participated in this study. PA and SB were assessed using accelerometry (model wGT3X). Sleep duration was assessed through a parental-proxy interview, and preschoolers were stratified as short and adequate sleepers, according to attendance to international sleep duration guidelines. Compositional data analysis was used to explore the time-use patterns of behaviors among adequate and short sleepers. RESULTS: Short sleepers spent 64 min less time asleep, accumulated 32 min in more sedentary time (p = .005, Cohen's d = 0.36, Bayes Factor: 6.17), and 24 min more in light PA (p = .0005, Cohen's d = 0.44, Bayes Factor: 46.37) compared to adequate sleepers. CONCLUSIONS: Being a short sleeper was associated with greater time spent in SB and light PA during their waking hours. The health implications of movement behaviors composition among short sleep preschoolers should be further investigated.


Assuntos
Acelerometria , Comportamento Sedentário , Teorema de Bayes , Pré-Escolar , Exercício Físico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Sono
5.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34574417

RESUMO

This study identifies physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) clusters in preschoolers compliant (C) or non-compliant (NC) with sleep recommendations; and associates these clusters with obesity markers. PA and SB were objectively assessed (Actigraph WGT3-X) in 272 preschoolers (4.4 ± 0.7 years old). Sleep duration was parent-reported, and preschoolers were classified as C (3-4 years old: 600-780 min/day; 5 years old: 540-660 min/day) or NC with sleep recommendations. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were assessed according to international protocols. Moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and light physical activity (LPA) were categorized as low/high (<60 min/>60 min/day or <180 min/180 min/day, respectively). SB was defined according to mean values between clusters. Latent profile analysis was performed. Associations between the observed clusters and obesity markers were determined using linear regression (RStudio; 1.3.1073). Four cluster solutions for C and NC preschoolers were identified. A negative association between C/Low MVPA cluster and BMI, and a positive association between NC/Low MVPA and BMI (ß = -0.8, 95%CI = -1.6;-0.1, and ß = 0.9, 95%CI = 0.1;1.7, respectively) were observed. No association was seen for SB clusters. Adequate sleep duration may have a protective role for preschoolers' BMI, even if the children do not comply with MVPA recommendations.


Assuntos
Obesidade , Comportamento Sedentário , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Sono , Circunferência da Cintura
6.
Sci Rep ; 10(1): 6382, 2020 04 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32286405

RESUMO

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Spirulina Platensis supplementation on selected blood markers of oxidative stress, muscle damage, inflammation, and performance in trained rats. Rats (250 g - 300 g) were submitted to a strength training program (eight weeks), divided into four groups: control (GT) (trained without supplementation), trained with daily-supplementation of 50 mg/kg (GT50), 150 mg/kg (GT150) and 500 mg/kg (GT500). Training consisted of a jump protocol in PVC-cylinder containing water, with increasing load over experimental weeks. We evaluated the markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde - MDA and antioxidant capacity) and inflammation (C-reactive protein) at the end of the training. Among groups submitted to strength training, concentration of C-reactive protein decreased after 8 weeks of intervention in the trained group and GT500. Strength training enhanced plasma MDA concentration of malondialdehyde with supplementation of S. platensis in GT150 and GT500. In plasma analysis, strength training enhanced the percentage of oxidation inhibition, with spirulina supplementation in rates of 150 and 500 mg/kg. Spirulina supplementation for 8 weeks (in a dose-effect manner) improved antioxidant capacity as well as attenuated exercise-induced increases in ROS and inflammation. As a practical application, the use as high doses did not cause a reduction in positive physiological adaptations to exercise training. Additional studies are necessary to test the application of Spirulina Platensis in other contexts, as collective sports (basketball, football, soccer).


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Suplementos Nutricionais , Estresse Oxidativo , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Spirulina , Animais , Biomarcadores/sangue , Inflamação , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/sangue
7.
Oxid Med Cell Longev ; 2019: 7838149, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31772708

RESUMO

The possible mechanism is involved in the effects of Spirulina platensis on vascular reactivity. Animals were divided into sedentary group (SG) and sedentary groups supplemented with S. platensis at doses of 50 (SG50), 150 (SG150), and 500 mg/kg (SG500). To evaluate reactivity, cumulative concentration-response curves were constructed for phenylephrine and acetylcholine. To evaluate the involvement of the nitric oxide (NO) pathway, aorta tissue was preincubated with L-NAME and a new curve was then obtained for phenylephrine. Biochemical analyses were performed to evaluate nitrite levels, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant activity. To contractile reactivity, only SG500 (pD2 = 5.6 ± 0.04 vs. 6.1 ± 0.06, 6.2 ± 0.02, and 6.2 ± 0.04) showed reduction in phenylephrine contractile potency. L-NAME caused a higher contractile response to phenylephrine in SG150 and SG500. To relaxation, curves for SG150 (pD2 = 7.0 ± 0.08 vs. 6.4 ± 0.06) and SG500 (pD2 = 7.3 ± 0.02 vs. 6.4 ± 0.06) were shifted to the left, more so in SG500. Nitrite was increased in SG150 and SG500. Lipid peroxidation was reduced, and oxidation inhibition was increased in all supplemented groups, indicating enhanced antioxidant activity. Chronic supplementation with S. platensis (150/500 mg/kg) caused a decrease in contractile response and increase in relaxation and nitrite levels, indicating greater NO production, due to decreased oxidative stress and increased antioxidant activity.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Aorta/efeitos dos fármacos , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Spirulina/química , Animais , Suplementos Nutricionais , Ratos
8.
Front Physiol ; 9: 1522, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30429798

RESUMO

Studies have shown that supplementation with Spirulina platensis improves vascular reactivity. However, it is unclear whether in association with strength training this effect can be enhanced. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effects of strength training and S. platensis on the reactivity of the aorta from Wistar rat and the possible mechanisms involved. The animals were supplemented with S. platensis and divided into sedentary (SG, SG50, SG150, and SG500) and trained groups (TG, TG50, TG150, and TG500). Nitrite, malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant activity were determined by biochemical assays. To evaluate vascular response, cumulative concentration-response curves to phenylephrine (PHE) and acetylcholine (ACh) were constructed. L-NAME was used to assess the participation of nitric oxide (NO). It was observed that the PHE contractile potency was reduced in TG50, TG150, and TG500 groups compared to SG50, SG150, and SG500 groups, respectively. However, the presence of L-NAME increased the contractile response in all groups. Strength training potentiated the increase in relaxing activity induced by S. platensis, where the pCE50 values of ACh increased in TG150 and TG500. These responses were accompanied by increased nitrite production, MDA reduction and increased antioxidant activity in the aorta of both TG150 and TG500 groups. Thus, the present study demonstrated that combined with strength training, S. platensis potentiates vascular improvement through the participation of NO and reduction of oxidative stress.

9.
Rev Saude Publica ; 51: 71, 2017 Jul 20.
Artigo em Inglês, Português | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28746572

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To quantify the intensity adopted by walkers in public squares and check the occurrence and magnitude of post-exercise hypotension in the spontaneously adopted intensity and in a prescribed intensity. METHODS: In 98 volunteers (38 of them being hypertensive), walkers in public squares of the city of João Pessoa, State of Paraíba, Brazil, we have identified the intensity of a usual training monitored by heart rate and we have investigated the occurrence and magnitude of post-exercise hypotension. Subsequently, participants were instructed to walk with moderate intensity. Blood pressure was measured after rest and during post-exercise recovery. RESULTS: Of the total participants, 41% of the hypertensive and 36% of the normotensive individuals walked with light intensity. With the prescription, intensity increased to 55% and 52%, for the hypertensive and normotensive individuals, respectively. In the usual and prescribed intensity, the hypertensive individuals had post-exercise hypotension of -3.7±11.6 mmHg and -4.72±12.8 mmHg, respectively. There was no correlation between post-exercise hypotension and the initial systolic component of the hypertensive individuals (r2 = 0.2; p < 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Walkers in public squares choose light intensity for walking. When they exercise with the prescribed intensity, they increase the intensity, but the magnitude of the PEH is not increase with this guidance. OBJETIVO: Quantificar a intensidade adotada por caminhantes em praças públicas e verificar a ocorrência e a magnitude da hipotensão pós-exercício na intensidade espontaneamente adotada e em uma intensidade prescrita. MÉTODOS: Em 98 voluntários (38 hipertensos), caminhantes em praças públicas da cidade de João Pessoa, PB, identificamos a intensidade de um treino habitual monitorada por meio da frequência cardíaca e averiguamos a ocorrência e magnitude de hipotensão pós-exercício. Posteriormente, os participantes foram instruídos a caminhar com intensidade moderada. A pressão arterial foi aferida após o repouso e durante a recuperação pós-exercício. RESULTADOS: Do total de participantes, 41% dos hipertensos e 36% dos normotensos caminhavam com intensidade leve. Com a prescrição, a intensidade aumentou para 55% e 52%, para hipertensos e normotensos. Na intensidade habitual e prescrita, os hipertensos obtiveram hipotensão pós-exercício de -3,7±11,6 mmHg e -4,72±12,8 mmHg. Houve correlação entre hipotensão pós-exercício e o componente sistólico inicial dos hipertensos (r2 = 0,2; p < 0,002). CONCLUSÕES: Caminhantes em praças públicas selecionam intensidade leve para realização de caminhada. Quando realizam exercício com intensidade prescrita, aumentam discretamente a intensidade, mas não obtêm aumento da magnitude da HPE com esta orientação.


Assuntos
Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Hipotensão Pós-Exercício/fisiopatologia , Caminhada/fisiologia , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Transversais , Terapia por Exercício , Feminino , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Fatores de Tempo
10.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 51: 71, 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-903227

RESUMO

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To quantify the intensity adopted by walkers in public squares and check the occurrence and magnitude of post-exercise hypotension in the spontaneously adopted intensity and in a prescribed intensity. METHODS In 98 volunteers (38 of them being hypertensive), walkers in public squares of the city of João Pessoa, State of Paraíba, Brazil, we have identified the intensity of a usual training monitored by heart rate and we have investigated the occurrence and magnitude of post-exercise hypotension. Subsequently, participants were instructed to walk with moderate intensity. Blood pressure was measured after rest and during post-exercise recovery. RESULTS Of the total participants, 41% of the hypertensive and 36% of the normotensive individuals walked with light intensity. With the prescription, intensity increased to 55% and 52%, for the hypertensive and normotensive individuals, respectively. In the usual and prescribed intensity, the hypertensive individuals had post-exercise hypotension of -3.7±11.6 mmHg and -4.72±12.8 mmHg, respectively. There was no correlation between post-exercise hypotension and the initial systolic component of the hypertensive individuals (r2 = 0.2; p < 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Walkers in public squares choose light intensity for walking. When they exercise with the prescribed intensity, they increase the intensity, but the magnitude of the PEH is not increase with this guidance.


RESUMO OBJETIVO Quantificar a intensidade adotada por caminhantes em praças públicas e verificar a ocorrência e a magnitude da hipotensão pós-exercício na intensidade espontaneamente adotada e em uma intensidade prescrita. MÉTODOS Em 98 voluntários (38 hipertensos), caminhantes em praças públicas da cidade de João Pessoa, PB, identificamos a intensidade de um treino habitual monitorada por meio da frequência cardíaca e averiguamos a ocorrência e magnitude de hipotensão pós-exercício. Posteriormente, os participantes foram instruídos a caminhar com intensidade moderada. A pressão arterial foi aferida após o repouso e durante a recuperação pós-exercício. RESULTADOS Do total de participantes, 41% dos hipertensos e 36% dos normotensos caminhavam com intensidade leve. Com a prescrição, a intensidade aumentou para 55% e 52%, para hipertensos e normotensos. Na intensidade habitual e prescrita, os hipertensos obtiveram hipotensão pós-exercício de -3,7±11,6 mmHg e -4,72±12,8 mmHg. Houve correlação entre hipotensão pós-exercício e o componente sistólico inicial dos hipertensos (r2 = 0,2; p < 0,002). CONCLUSÕES Caminhantes em praças públicas selecionam intensidade leve para realização de caminhada. Quando realizam exercício com intensidade prescrita, aumentam discretamente a intensidade, mas não obtêm aumento da magnitude da HPE com esta orientação.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Caminhada/fisiologia , Hipotensão Pós-Exercício/fisiopatologia , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Fatores de Tempo , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Transversais , Análise de Variância , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Terapia por Exercício , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
11.
Am J Cardiovasc Dis ; 6(4): 146-152, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28078174

RESUMO

The reduction in blood pressure after the physical exercise practice is called postexercise hypotension (PEH). Previous studies have demonstrated that the ingestion of caffeine at levels corresponding to three doses of coffee eliminates this phenomenon. Thus, we evaluated the influence of different doses of coffee in the PEH in twelve hypertensives, who performed four experimental sessions of aerobic exercise on a cycle ergometer (lasting 40 minutes, with intensity between 60% and 80% of maximum heart rate), followed by the ingestion of one (CAF-1), two (CAF-2), or three (CAF-3) doses of caffeinated coffee, or three doses of decaffeinated coffee (DESC). The blood pressure was measured at rest and at 10-minute intervals during 120 minutes of recovery post exercise. DESC resulted in systolic PEH at all moments of measurement, with averages of -4.1±1.2 mmHg and -1.8±1.3 mmHg on the 1st and 2nd hours post exercise, respectively. In CAF-1, both systolic hypotensive and hypertensive responses to the exercise were identified, with averages of -1.2±1.7 and 0.5±0.4 mmHg after one and two hours of recovery. Conversely, hypertensive systolic response occurred in all measurements compared rest blood pressure. The 1st and 2nd hours post exercise was 4.5±1.1 and 6.5+1.1 mmHg in CAF-2 and 5.1+0.9 and 6.5+1.0 mmHg to CAF-3. Diastolic PEH was not found in any of the experimental sessions. Therefore, the ingestion of two and three doses of caffeinated coffee completely blunts the PEH, while one dose results in partial elimination of the PEH.

12.
J Hum Kinet ; 43: 87-95, 2014 Sep 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25713648

RESUMO

This study investigated the chronic and acute influence of resistance exercise on blood pressure in women with metabolic syndrome before and after climacteric. Twenty sedentary women, nine non-menopausal (RNM) and 11 menopausal (RM), performed training for 12 weeks. Meanwhile, 23 controls, 11 not menopausal (CNM) and 12 menopausal (CM), remained sedentary. Blood pressure was measured before and after the training period in conditions of rest and after a session of exercise. Training promoted variations in blood pressure at rest from 116±13 to 118±10 mmHg (p=0.73) and from 128±12 mmHg to 120±11mmHg (p=0.12) in RNM and RM, respectively. CNM and CM varied from 115±11 to 116±12 mmHg (p=0.9) and from 115±14 mmHg to 116±13 mmHg (p=0.74). Blood pressure values in one acute session did not differ between groups (p>0.05). Resistance training did not improve blood pressure in women with metabolic syndrome, regardless of climacteric.

13.
Rev. bras. ativ. fís. saúde ; 18(1): 16-30, fev. 2013. tab
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-677872

RESUMO

O objetivo da presente revisão sistemática foi traçar a prevalência, as formas de indicação e os efeitos adversos dos suplementos alimentares (SA) e esteroides anabólicos androgênicos (EAA), cujo uso é relatado por praticantes de musculação nas academias de ginástica do Brasil. Para desenvolvimento deste estudo foi realizada, em novembro de 2011, uma busca nas bases de dados Medline, Scielo, Bireme e Lilacs utilizando as palavras-chave: esteroides anabólicos androgênicos, suplementos nutricionais e academias de ginástica. Para ser incluído, o estudo deveria ter investigado o uso de recursos ergogênicos em academias do Brasil. De acordo com os critérios de inclusão, foram selecionadas em um primeiro momento 93 investigações, mas apenas 18 foram incluídas. Os estudos selecionados demonstraram que as regiões Sul e Sudeste são as que possuem maior número de estudos. A maior prevalência de consumo dos SA foi em Belo Horizonte (90,8%), seguido por Vitória (70%), Cascavel (66%) e Curitiba (50,61%), e os produtos mais consumidos foram: proteínas, aminoácidos e creatinas. Para os EAA, a maior prevalência encontrada foi em Belo Horizonte com 85%, seguido por Aracaju (31%) e Rio Grande do Sul (24,9%). Os produtos mais utilizados foram o Decanoato de Nandrolona, a Testosterona e o Estanozolol. Os efeitos colaterais predominantes dos EAA foram surgimento de acne (46 a 94%) e agressividade (47 a 73%). Tanto o consumo de SA quanto o uso dos esteroides anabólicos androgênicos encontram-se exacerbados nas academias brasileiras, principalmente, na região Sudeste. Além disso, o uso abusivo dos EAA ocorre devido à falta de informações sobre suas contra indicações, repercutindo em inúmeros efeitos adversos à saúde.


Objective: The objective of the present study was to systematically review the prevalence, indicative ways, and adverse effects of ergogenic resources, such as dietary supplements (DS) and anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), that were reported, by bodybuilders in gyms in Brazil. Methods: References search was performed in November 2011 in the Medline, SciELO, BIREME, and Lilacs data basis by the key-words: anabolic-androgenic steroids, nutritional supplements, and gyms. To be included the studies should have investigated the prevalence of the use of ergogenic resources in gyms in Brazil. Ninety-three investigations were selected, but only 18 were included. Results: The highest prevalence of DS consumption was in Belo Horizonte (90.8%), followed by Vitoria (70%), Cascavel (66%) and Curitiba (50.61%). For the AAS use, the highest prevalence was in Belo Horizonte with 85%, followed by Aracaju (31%) and Rio Grande do Sul (24.9%). The products mainly consumed as DS were: derived proteins, amino acids and creatine. The most widely used AAS increase were Deca-Durabolin, Sustanon and Winstrol. Side effects mostly observed by the AAS users were the appearance of acne (46 to 94%) and aggressiveness (47 to 73%). Conclusion: Both the use of DS and AAS are exacerbated in the gyms of Brazil, mainly in the Southeast. In addition, the abuse of AAS is due to a lack of information about their contraindications, resulting in innumerous adverse health effects.


Assuntos
Humanos , Suplementos Nutricionais , Academias de Ginástica , Congêneres da Testosterona
14.
Rev. bras. ativ. fís. saúde ; 17(5): 370-382, out. 2012. tab
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-677855

RESUMO

O hipotireoidismo é uma disfunção da tireóide que não produz seus hormônios ou só o faz através de uma alta produção do hormônio tireoestimulante. Essa enfermidade está associada ao desenvolvimento de disfunções cardiovasculares diversas. Esta revisão traz à comunidade científica e aos profissionais da saúde, informações atualizadas sobre as repercussões cardiovasculares do hipotireoidismo, sua influência na capacidade para o exercício físico, e o potencial do exercício físico para minimizar ou restaurar estas disfunções. Um levantamento dos estudos publicados entre 1995 e 2011 foi conduzido na base de dados PubMed utilizando os descritores: physical exercise, blood pressure,cardiovascular, vascular endothelial, oxidative stress, autonomic nervous system, cardiac function, subclinical hypothyroidism e hypothyroidism. Foram considerados, os artigos que avaliaram a função cardiovascular de hipotireoideos subclínicos e clínicos, e a influência do exercício físico sobre as funções cardiovasculares afetadas nesta doença. Verificamos que a capacidade aeróbia de hipotireoideos subclínicos e clínicos está reduzida, e que a função endotelial, o estresse oxidativo e a função autonômica estão prejudicados nestes sujeitos. O exercício físico parece ser capaz de restaurar a função endotelial, apesar de não fazer o mesmo na disfunção autonômica. Não existem investigações associando o efeito do exercício físico na função cardíaca e no estresse oxidativo. Apesar de ser uma enfermidade tão prevalente quanto o diabetes, não existe uma recomendação para a prescrição de exercício físico para os hipotireoideos, tal como há para obesos, cardiopatas e diabéticos. Perspectivas sobre como avançar no conhecimento da prescrição do exercício físico são apresentadas.


Hypothyroidism is a disorder of the thyroid gland that does not produce its hormones or only does in response to a high production of thyroid-stimulating hormone. This disease is associated with the development of various cardiometabolic disorders. This review brings to the scientific community and health professionals, updated information about the cardiovascular effects of hypothyroidism, its influence on physical exercise capacity, and the potential of physical exercise to minimize or restore the dysfunction induced by hypothyroidism. A survey of studies published between 1995 to 2011 was conducted in PubMed using the keywords: physical exercise, blood pressure, cardiovascular, vascular endothelial, oxidative stress, autonomic nervous system, cardiac function, subclinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroidism. We considered articles that evaluated cardiovascular function of subclinical and clinical hypothyroidism, and the influence of physical exercise on cardiovascular dysfunction induced by this disease. We found that the aerobic capacity of subclinical and clinical hypothyroid patients is reduced, and endothelial function, oxidative stress and autonomic function are impaired in these subjects. Physical exercise seems to be able to restore endothelial function, although not autonomic dysfunction. There are no investigations involving the effect of physical exercise on cardiac function and oxidative stress. Despite being a disease as prevalent as diabetes, there is not a recommendation for physical exercise prescription for hypothyroidism as there is for obesity, heart disease and diabetes. Perspectives on how to advance in the knowledge of physical exercise prescription is presented.


Assuntos
Sistema Cardiovascular , Exercício Físico , Hipotireoidismo
15.
Rev. bras. med. esporte ; 16(5): 324-328, set.-out. 2010. graf, tab
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-562967

RESUMO

A redução da pressão arterial (PA) promovida pelo exercício físico é evidente segundo a literatura atual. Mecanismos neuro-humorais explicam essa resposta hipotensora, em que a diminuição da atividade simpática apresenta-se como um dos principais mecanismos. Porém, a ingestão de alimentos ricos em cafeína (CA) pode suprimir esta atenuação simpática. O objetivo desse estudo foi elucidar o impacto da ingestão de CA na resposta pressórica ao exercício em pessoas hipertensas. Sete hipertensos (52,3 ± 3,3 anos), sendo cinco mulheres, realizaram duas sessões de caminhada com 40 minutos de duração, em dois dias de treinamento, tendo previamente ingerido CA (4mg/kg de peso corporal) ou placebo (PL). A PA e a frequência cardíaca foram verificadas anteriormente a ingestão, após 15, 30, 45, 60 minutos da ingestão em estado de repouso e com 10, 20 e 30 minutos após o exercício. Os dados foram tratados por meio de estatística descritiva, e pelo teste não paramétrico de Wilcoxon (p < 0,05). A média da PA aumentou de 124,9/80,9mmHg antes da ingestão de CA para 129,4/84,3mmHg 60 minutos após, ainda no repouso (p < 0,05). Trinta minutos após o exercício observou-se resposta hipotensora no procedimento PL (queda da PA de 122,6/79,4mmHg para 115,7/78,6mmHg), enquanto que no procedimento com CA, a PA mostrou-se significativamente mais alta em relação aos valores de repouso (aumento de 124,9/80,9mmHg para 136,9/90,9mmHg, p < 0,05). Conclui-se que a ingestão de CA não só suprime a resposta hipotensora do exercício, como provoca uma hipertensão pós-exercício.


Blood pressure reduction (BP) promoted by physical exercise is evident according to the current literature. Neurohumoral mechanisms explain this hypotensive response, in which decrease of the sympathetic activity appears as one of its main mechanisms. However, the ingestion of caffeine-rich food (CA) can suppress this sympathetic attenuation. The objective of this study was to elucidate the impact of CA ingestion in BP after exercise, in hypertensive individuals. Seven hypertensive subjects (52.3 +/-3.3 years), being 5 women, accomplished two walk sessions with 40 minutes of duration, in two days of training, having previously ingested CA (4 mg/kg of body weight) or placebo (PL). BP and heart rate were verified previously to the ingestion, after 15, 30, 45, 60 minutes of the ingestion, at rest and with 10, 20 and 30 minutes after exercise. Data were treated through descriptive statistics and by the non-parametric Wilcoxon test (p<0.05). BP mean increased from 124.9/80.9 mmHg before ingestion to 129.4/84.3 mmHg 60 minutes later (p< 0.05). In the recovery period, after 30 minutes of exercise, hypotensive answer was observed in the PL procedure (decrease of 122.6/79.4 mmHg to 115.7/78.6 mmHg), while in the procedure with CA, BP was significantly higher than at rest (increase of 124.9/80.9 mmHg to 136.9/90.9 mmHg, p<0.05). It was concluded that CA not only suppresses the hypotensive response to exercise, but also provokes post-exercise hypertension.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cafeína/farmacologia , Exercício Físico , Hipertensão , Caminhada
16.
Acta méd. (Porto Alegre) ; 30: 348-361, 2009.
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-546790

RESUMO

Este artigo tem como objetivo sistematizar a avaliação da hematúria microscópica assintomática em mulheres, revisando as possibilidades diagnósticas mais prevalentes, bem como os exames laboratoriais e de imagem mais adequados. Tendo em vista a alta prevalência desse achado ocasional em exame de urina de rotina, os autores buscam encontrar um consenso sobre definição e forma de investigação mais adequada.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico , Hematúria/diagnóstico
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